Activation of Nano Kaolin Clay for Bio-Glycerol Conversion to a Valuable Fuel Additive
نویسندگان
چکیده
High production of biodiesel results in a surplus glycerol as byproduct that leads to drastic decline the price well overall production. Alternative methods must be introduced for economical process via utilization crude into valuable chemicals or fuel additives. This study introduces an ecofriendly solketal synthesis from and acetone presence novel metakaolin clay catalyst, which is useful additive gasoline, order enhance octane number control emissions. Moreover, kaolin catalysts are low cost, abundantly available, eco-friendly one more promising applications synthesis. In this study, raw was activated with easy acid activation technique, modification physicochemical textural properties were determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. Among all acid-treated catalysts, K3 have shown best catalytic properties, high surface area pore size after 3.0 mol/dm3 at 98 °C 3 h. Acetalization carried out environmentally friendly inexpensive catalyst. The maximum yield obtained 84% temperature 50 °C, acetone/glycerol molar ratio 6/1 90 min Effect various parameters (time, temperature, ratio, catalyst loading) on conversion discussed detail. approach offers effective way transform solketal—a desirable green chemical future industrial applications.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Sustainability
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2071-1050']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052631